DVD: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000Z8A5BQ/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=doc06-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399349&creativeASIN=B000Z8A5BQ http://thefilmarchived.blogspot.com/
The first inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th President of the United States was held on January 20, 1953. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President and Richard Nixon as Vice President. Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson administered the Oath of office to Eisenhower. Nixon was sworn in as Vice President by Senator William Knowland of California minutes earlier.
Eisenhower’s presidency was dominated by the Cold War, the prolonged confrontation with the Soviet Union which had begun during Truman’s term of office. When Joseph Stalin died, he sought to extend an olive branch to the new Soviet regime in his “Chance for Peace speech”, but continued turmoil in Moscow prevented a meaningful response and the Cold War deepened.
In 1953 Eisenhower opened relations with Spain under Fascist leader Francisco Franco. Despite its undemocratic nature, Spain’s strategic position in light of the Cold War and Anti-Communist position led Eisenhower to build a trade and military alliance with the Spanish through the Pact of Madrid, ultimately bringing an end to Spain’s isolation after World War II, and bringing about the Spanish Miracle.
During his campaign, Eisenhower had promised to end the stalemated Korean War. This promise was fulfilled on 27 July 1953 by the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement. Also, defense treaties with South Korea and the Republic of China were signed, and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) alliance in an effort to halt the spread of Communism in Asia was formed.
Eisenhower, while accepting the doctrine of containment originally developed by George F. Kennan, sought to counter the Soviet Union through more active means as detailed in the State Department memorandum NSC-68. His covert action policy was laid out in NSC 162/2. He, along with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, developed the tactic of covert action, used the Central Intelligence Agency—directed by Allen Welsh Dulles to interfere with suspected Communist governments abroad. An early use of covert action was against the elected Prime Minister of Iran, Mohammed Mosaddeq. The Shah of Iran and pro-monarchy forces ejected him from power in the complex 1953 Iranian coup d’état (Operation Ajax) supported by U.S. intelligence agencies. The CIA also orchestrated a coup the 1954 Guatemalan coup d’état that overthrew the democratically-elected President of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, in Operation PBSUCCESS.
Covert action continued throughout Eisenhower’s administration. In the newly independent but chaotic Republic of Congo, the Soviet Union and the KGB had intervened in favor of popularly elected Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. Anti-Communism had become an issue and the U.S. and CIA gave weapons and covert support to pro-Western and Democratic CIA assets Joseph Kasavubu and his subordinate, Colonel Joseph Mobutu. The initial struggle came to a close in December 1960, after Kasavubu and Mobutu overthrew Lumumba and proceeded to turn the country (later known as Zaire) into an autocracy which was unstable long after the end of Eisenhower’s term. Lumumba was murdered shortly after his deposition, and some allege that the CIA (Sidney Gottlieb), collaborated with Mobutu in the assassination.
Eisenhower also increased U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia, a process which had begun under his predecessor Truman. In 1954, he sent Dulles to Geneva as a delegate to the Geneva Conference, which ended the First Indochina War and temporarily partitioned Vietnam into a Communist northern half (under Ho Chi Minh) and a non-Communist southern half (under Ngo Dinh Diem). In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem’s army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance.
In 1956, Eisenhower strongly disapproved of the actions of Britain, France and Israel in sending troops to Egypt in the dispute over control of the Suez Canal. He used the economic power of the U.S. to force his European allies to back down and withdraw from Egypt. However, he later described this decision as the greatest foreign policy mistake he made during his time in office.
Duration : 1:38:14
Read the rest of this entry »
Technorati Tags: address, army, Bank;, bargaining, berlin, biography, center, civil, cold, Collective, complex, conference, deal, Director, doctrine, documentary, Dollar, domestic, Eisenhower, Famous, Foreign, High, history, In, inaugural, industrial, Korean, liberal, Library, medical, middle, military, money, new, new wave, Nixon, park, policy, PRESIDENCY, press, quotes, republican, rights, Russia, School, security, social, speech, state;, taxes, tunnel, unions, Vietnam, War, World, WW2